rabo-espinhoso-malhado vs barbilhão-de-gola-branca

The Mottled Spinetail and White-crowned Lapwing are easily distinguished by their size and shape: the spinetail is a small, medium-sized swift-like bird with a distinctive wing shape and tail, while the lapwing is a larger, ground-dwelling wader with a striking white crown. Their habitats and behaviors are also markedly different.

Look for size and shape differences first: the Mottled Spinetail has a 'butter-knife' wing shape and prominent tail, while the White-crowned Lapwing is larger and more robust. Note the plumage: the spinetail's mottled throat contrasts with the lapwing's white crown.

The Mottled Spinetail is much smaller at 14 cm, compared to the larger White-crowned Lapwing.

The Mottled Spinetail has pale-mottled throat and ventral areas on otherwise black-brown upperparts, while the White-crowned Lapwing features a distinctive white crown.

The Mottled Spinetail is rather silent, with a rhythmic call, while the White-crowned Lapwing's vocalizations are not detailed here.