Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White-quilled Bustard Afrotis afraoides | Black-bellied Bustard Lissotis melanogaster | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| Crested Francolin Ortygornis sephaena | Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Kittlitz's Plover Anarhynchus pecuarius | White-fronted Plover Anarhynchus marginatus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Arnot's Chat Myrmecocichla arnotti | Capped Wheatear Oenanthe pileata | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Retz's Helmetshrike Prionops retzii | Brubru Nilaus afer | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus | Pink-backed Pelican Pelecanus rufescens | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Bush Pipit Anthus caffer | Rosy-throated Longclaw Macronyx ameliae | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Chirping Cisticola Cisticola pipiens | Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Half-collared Kingfisher Alcedo semitorquata | African Pygmy Kingfisher Ispidina picta | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Chat Flycatcher Agricola infuscatus | Ashy Flycatcher Fraseria caerulescens | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura | Sociable Weaver Philetairus socius | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Kalahari Scrub Robin Cercotrichas paena | White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| White-rumped Swift Apus caffer | Amur Falcon Falco amurensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Rail Rallus caerulescens | African Swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Spotted Thick-knee Burhinus capensis | Water Thick-knee Burhinus vermiculatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Water Thick-knee Burhinus vermiculatus | Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-crowned Lapwing Vanellus albiceps | Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wattled Lapwing Vanellus senegallus | Chestnut-banded Plover Anarhynchus pallidus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Caspian Plover Anarhynchus asiaticus | Chestnut-banded Plover Anarhynchus pallidus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Chestnut-banded Plover Anarhynchus pallidus | White-fronted Plover Anarhynchus marginatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Jacana Microparra capensis | African Jacana Actophilornis africanus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa | African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Snipe Gallinago nigripennis | Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruff Calidris pugnax | Cape Griffon Gyps coprotheres | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Small Buttonquail Turnix sylvaticus | Bronze-winged Courser Rhinoptilus chalcopterus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bronze-winged Courser Rhinoptilus chalcopterus | Burchell's Courser Cursorius rufus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Double-banded Courser Smutsornis africanus | Burchell's Courser Cursorius rufus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Double-banded Courser Smutsornis africanus | Temminck's Courser Cursorius temminckii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Burchell's Courser Cursorius rufus | Temminck's Courser Cursorius temminckii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni | Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola | African Grey Hornbill Lophoceros nasutus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola | Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Tern Chlidonias niger | White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia microscelis | White Stork Ciconia ciconia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Darter Anhinga rufa | Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris | Dwarf Bittern Botaurus sturmii | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Dwarf Bittern Botaurus sturmii | Little Egret Egretta garzetta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Slaty Egret Egretta vinaceigula | Black Heron Egretta ardesiaca | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-backed Night Heron Calherodius leuconotus | Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Cattle-Egret Ardea ibis | Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus | Hadada Ibis Bostrychia hagedash | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Sacred Ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus | African Spoonbill Platalea alba | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lappet-faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotos | Cape Griffon Gyps coprotheres | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-chested Snake-Eagle Circaetus pectoralis | Bat Hawk Macheiramphus alcinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Goshawk Astur melanoleucus | Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Verreaux's Eagle Owl Ketupa lactea | Pel's Fishing-Owl Scotopelia peli | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pearl-spotted Owlet Glaucidium perlatum | African Barred Owlet Glaucidium capense | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina | Green Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Hoopoe Upupa epops | Green Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bradfield's Hornbill Lophoceros bradfieldi | Southern Yellow-billed Hornbill Tockus leucomelas | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Grey Hornbill Lophoceros nasutus | Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Malachite Kingfisher Corythornis cristatus | African Pygmy Kingfisher Ispidina picta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Woodland Kingfisher Halcyon senegalensis | Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris | Striped Kingfisher Halcyon chelicuti | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-fronted Bee-eater Merops bullockoides | Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-fronted Bee-eater Merops bullockoides | Southern Carmine Bee-eater Merops nubicoides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Purple Roller Coracias naevius | Broad-billed Roller Eurystomus glaucurus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pied Barbet Tricholaema leucomelas | Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Green-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus zambesiae | Brown-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus regulus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Brown-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus regulus | Lesser Honeyguide Indicator minor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bearded Woodpecker Chloropicus namaquus | Golden-tailed Woodpecker Campethera abingoni | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bennett's Woodpecker Campethera bennettii | Golden-tailed Woodpecker Campethera abingoni | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rock Kestrel Falco rupicolus | Greater Kestrel Falco rupicoloides | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-breasted Cuckooshrike Ceblepyris pectoralis | Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pririt Batis Batis pririt | White-crested Helmetshrike Prionops plumatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pririt Batis Batis pririt | Brubru Nilaus afer | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Brubru Nilaus afer | Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | Souza's Shrike Lanius souzae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tropical Boubou Laniarius major | Gabon Boubou Laniarius bicolor | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sulphur-breasted Bushshrike Chlorophoneus sulfureopectus | Grey-headed Bushshrike Malaconotus blanchoti | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis | African Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis | White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cape Crow Corvus capensis | Pied Crow Corvus albus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita | Southern Black-Tit Melaniparus niger | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fairy Flycatcher Stenostira scita | Ashy Tit Melaniparus cinerascens | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Southern Black-Tit Melaniparus niger | Ashy Tit Melaniparus cinerascens | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Penduline Tit Anthoscopus caroli | Short-clawed Lark Certhilauda chuana | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Short-clawed Lark Certhilauda chuana | Fawn-coloured Lark Calendulauda africanoides | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Short-clawed Lark Certhilauda chuana | Luapula Cisticola Cisticola luapula | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Dusky Lark Pinarocorys nigricans | Chestnut-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix leucotis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey-backed Sparrow-Lark Eremopterix verticalis | Yellow-throated Bush Sparrow Gymnoris superciliaris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fawn-coloured Lark Calendulauda africanoides | Eastern Clapper Lark Corypha fasciolata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fawn-coloured Lark Calendulauda africanoides | Miombo Rock Thrush Monticola angolensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Clapper Lark Corypha fasciolata | Rufous-naped Lark Corypha africana | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Flappet Lark Amirafra rufocinnamomea | Red-capped Lark Calandrella cinerea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Monotonous Lark Mirafra passerina | Pink-billed Lark Spizocorys conirostris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Nicator Nicator gularis | Long-billed Crombec Sylvietta rufescens | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura | Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura | White-browed Sparrow-Weaver Plocepasser mahali | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-breasted Apalis Apalis flavida | Black-chested Prinia Prinia flavicans | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava | Tinkling Cisticola Cisticola rufilatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-chested Prinia Prinia flavicans | Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rufous-eared Warbler Malcorus pectoralis | Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rufous-eared Warbler Malcorus pectoralis | Terrestrial Brownbul Phyllastrephus terrestris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola erythrops | Tinkling Cisticola Cisticola rufilatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Piping Cisticola Cisticola fulvicapilla | Desert Cisticola Cisticola aridulus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis | Desert Cisticola Cisticola aridulus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey-rumped Swallow Pseudhirundo griseopyga | Plain Martin Riparia paludicola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Plain Martin Riparia paludicola | Sand Martin Riparia riparia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Plain Martin Riparia paludicola | Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Plain Martin Riparia paludicola | Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pearl-breasted Swallow Hirundo dimidiata | White-throated Swallow Hirundo albigularis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | Sociable Weaver Philetairus socius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-throated Swallow Hirundo albigularis | Western House Martin Delichon urbicum | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wire-tailed Swallow Hirundo smithii | Meves's Starling Lamprotornis mevesii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Striped Swallow Cecropis abyssinica | Mosque Swallow Cecropis senegalensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rufous-chested Swallow Cecropis semirufa | South African Swallow Petrochelidon spilodera | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Yellow-bellied Greenbul Chlorocichla flaviventris | Terrestrial Brownbul Phyllastrephus terrestris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus | Black-fronted Bulbul Pycnonotus nigricans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | Common Whitethroat Curruca communis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrow-marked Babbler Turdoides jardineii | Black-faced Babbler Turdoides melanops | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster | Burchell's Starling Lamprotornis australis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | Chat Flycatcher Agricola infuscatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Marico Flycatcher Bradornis mariquensis | Ashy Flycatcher Fraseria caerulescens | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-browed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas leucophrys | White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Short-toed Rock Thrush Monticola brevipes | Miombo Rock Thrush Monticola angolensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Short-toed Rock Thrush Monticola brevipes | Grosbeak Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina | Marico Sunbird Cinnyris mariquensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amethyst Sunbird Chalcomitra amethystina | White-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris talatala | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Spectacled Weaver Ploceus ocularis | Holub's Golden-Weaver Ploceus xanthops | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Holub's Golden-Weaver Ploceus xanthops | Lesser Masked-Weaver Ploceus intermedius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Southern Brown-throated Weaver Ploceus xanthopterus | Grosbeak Weaver Amblyospiza albifrons | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus | Fan-tailed Widowbird Euplectes axillaris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-winged Widowbird Euplectes albonotatus | Long-tailed Widowbird Euplectes progne | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-faced Waxbill Brunhilda erythronotos | Brown Firefinch Lagonosticta nitidula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cut-throat Amadina fasciata | Red-headed Finch Amadina erythrocephala | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-headed Finch Amadina erythrocephala | Orange-winged Pytilia Pytilia afra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Zebra Waxbill Amandava subflava | Southern Cordonbleu Uraeginthus angolensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Orange-winged Pytilia Pytilia afra | Jameson's Firefinch Lagonosticta rhodopareia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-billed Firefinch Lagonosticta senegala | Jameson's Firefinch Lagonosticta rhodopareia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jameson's Firefinch Lagonosticta rhodopareia | Brown Firefinch Lagonosticta nitidula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cape Wagtail Motacilla capensis | Nicholson's Pipit Anthus nicholsoni | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nicholson's Pipit Anthus nicholsoni | Bush Pipit Anthus caffer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Plain-backed Pipit Anthus leucophrys | Buffy Pipit Anthus vaalensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Buffy Pipit Anthus vaalensis | Striped Pipit Anthus lineiventris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Orange-throated Longclaw Macronyx capensis | Rosy-throated Longclaw Macronyx ameliae | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-throated Canary Crithagra atrogularis | Streaky-headed Seedeater Crithagra gularis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Streaky-headed Seedeater Crithagra gularis | Lark-like Bunting Emberiza impetuani | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fulvous Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor | White-backed Duck Thalassornis leuconotus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Golden-breasted Bunting Emberiza flaviventris | Lark-like Bunting Emberiza impetuani | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Pygmy-Goose Nettapus auritus | Maccoa Duck Oxyura maccoa | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cape Teal Anas capensis | Red-billed Duck Anas erythrorhyncha | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Crested Francolin Ortygornis sephaena | Coqui Francolin Campocolinus coqui | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Orange River Francolin Scleroptila gutturalis | Harlequin Quail Coturnix delegorguei | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea | Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Schalow's Turaco Tauraco schalowi | Purple-crested Turaco Gallirex porphyreolophus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey Go-away-bird Crinifer concolor | Common Swift Apus apus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Cuckoo Cuculus clamosus | Red-chested Cuckoo Cuculus solitarius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Cuckoo Cuculus gularis | Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pennant-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus vexillarius | Square-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus fossii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rufous-cheeked Nightjar Caprimulgus rufigena | Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Western Cattle-Egret Ardea ibis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis | 1 | 0 | 1 |