Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | Redwing Turdus iliacus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga | Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus | Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Dunlin Calidris alpina | Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope | American Wigeon Mareca americana | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope | Common Pochard Aythya ferina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| American Wigeon Mareca americana | Eurasian Dotterel Eudromias morinellus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Pintail Anas acuta | Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian/Green-winged Teal Anas crecca | Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Pochard Aythya ferina | Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris | Eurasian Coot Fulica atra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| King Eider Somateria spectabilis | Common Eider Somateria mollissima | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Eider Somateria mollissima | Goldcrest Regulus regulus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis | Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula | Eurasian Coot Fulica atra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Goosander Mergus merganser | Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Goosander Mergus merganser | Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena | Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur | Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Great Bustard Otis tarda | White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax | Eurasian Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba | Common Swift Apus apus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Crake Zapornia parva | Baillon's Crake Zapornia pusilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Crane Grus grus | Bonelli's Eagle Aquila fasciata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria | Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica | Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula | Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata | Red Knot Calidris canutus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus | Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus | Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Snipe Gallinago media | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Snipe Gallinago media | Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus | Siberian Accentor Prunella montanella | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus | Sanderling Calidris alba | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris falcinellus | Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Dunlin Calidris alpina | Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii | Little Stint Calidris minuta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Stint Calidris minuta | Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis | Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor | Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni | Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus | Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | Common Gull Larus canus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Gull Larus canus | Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis | Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides | Little Tern Sternula albifrons | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides | Black Tern Chlidonias niger | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides | Common Tern Sterna hirundo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides | European Storm-Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia | Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea | Common Tern Sterna hirundo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Northern Diver Gavia immer | Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus | Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wilson's Storm-Petrel Oceanites oceanicus | Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Bittern Botaurus minutus | Rock Bunting Emberiza cia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax | Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax | Rose-coloured Starling Pastor roseus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | Richard's Pipit Anthus richardi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | Eurasian Goshawk Astur gentilis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus | Eurasian Goshawk Astur gentilis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red Kite Milvus milvus | Black Kite Milvus migrans | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red Kite Milvus milvus | White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black Kite Milvus migrans | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Hawk Owl Surnia ulula | Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Owl Athene noctua | Tawny Owl Strix aluco | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major | Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Green Woodpecker Picus viridis | Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | Saker Falcon Falco cherrug | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio | Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor | Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius | Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Carrion Crow Corvus corone | Common Raven Corvus corax | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus | Azure Tit Cyanistes cyanus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus | Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Blue Tit Cyanistes caeruleus | Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Crested Lark Galerida cristata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Pied Wagtail/White Wagtail Motacilla alba | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola | Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola | Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Common Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis | Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis | Sand Martin Riparia riparia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis | Common Whitethroat Curruca communis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia | Sand Martin Riparia riparia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sand Martin Riparia riparia | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | Western House Martin Delichon urbicum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi | Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi | Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita | Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus | Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Barred Warbler Curruca nisoria | Sardinian Warbler Curruca melanocephala | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Barred Warbler Curruca nisoria | Bluethroat Luscinia svecica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Barred Warbler Curruca nisoria | European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Whitethroat Curruca curruca | Dartford Warbler Curruca undata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria | Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Wren Troglodytes troglodytes | European Serin Serinus serinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus | Bluethroat Luscinia svecica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Redwing Turdus iliacus | Fieldfare Turdus pilaris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fieldfare Turdus pilaris | Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | European Serin Serinus serinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Robin Erithacus rubecula | Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus | Dunnock Prunella modularis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pied Wagtail/White Wagtail Motacilla alba | Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pied Wagtail/White Wagtail Motacilla alba | Brambling Fringilla montifringilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes | Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula | European Greenfinch Chloris chloris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | Arctic Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis | Citril Finch Carduelis citrinella | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis | Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus | Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | Rock Bunting Emberiza cia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greylag Goose Anser anser | Brent Goose Branta bernicla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella | Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greylag Goose Anser anser | Razorbill Alca torda | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis | Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus | Brent Goose Branta bernicla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cackling Goose Branta hutchinsii | Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Blue-winged Teal Spatula discors | Mallard Anas platyrhynchos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata | Mallard Anas platyrhynchos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Gadwall Mareca strepera | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 0 | 1 |