Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus | Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | 8 | 2 | 6 |
| Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris | Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | 6 | 6 | 0 |
| Sanderling Calidris alba | Little Stint Calidris minuta | 5 | 1 | 4 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | 5 | 3 | 2 |
| Great Snipe Gallinago media | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni | Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | Crested Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Little Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus | Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea | Dunlin Calidris alpina | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | Armenian Gull Larus armenicus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus | 3 | 2 | 1 |
| Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula | Kentish Plover Anarhynchus alexandrinus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica | Caspian Tern Hydroprogne caspia | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Dunlin Calidris alpina | Little Stint Calidris minuta | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula | Rook Corvus frugilegus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris | Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | Common Tern Sterna hirundo | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus | Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula | Greater Scaup Aythya marila | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Sanderling Calidris alba | Dunlin Calidris alpina | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops | Little Owl Athene noctua | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius | Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | Common Gull Larus canus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Gull Larus canus | Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica | Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Tern Sterna hirundo | Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus | Dalmatian Pelican Pelecanus crispus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax | Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey Heron Ardea cinerea | Purple Heron Ardea purpurea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Crested Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus | Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greater Spotted Eagle Clanga clanga | Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus | Levant Sparrowhawk Tachyspiza brevipes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus | Great Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca | Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Black Kite Milvus migrans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black Kite Milvus migrans | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus | Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tawny Owl Strix aluco | Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni | Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eleonora's Falcon Falco eleonorae | Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus | Saker Falcon Falco cherrug | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus | Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Coal Tit Periparus ater | Great Tit Parus major | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Shore Lark Eremophila alpestris | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla | Oriental Skylark Alauda gulgula | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Greater Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla | Crested Lark Galerida cristata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Booted Warbler Iduna caligata | Upcher's Warbler Hippolais languida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Booted Warbler Iduna caligata | Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Booted Warbler Iduna caligata | Dunnock Prunella modularis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum | Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum | Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus | Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus humei | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Whitethroat Curruca curruca | Common Whitethroat Curruca communis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Goldcrest Regulus regulus | Common Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris | Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Redwing Turdus iliacus | Fieldfare Turdus pilaris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula | Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Robin Erithacus rubecula | Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia | Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva | European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata | European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whinchat Saxicola rubetra | Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris | House Sparrow Passer domesticus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis | Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia | White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes | Great Rosefinch Carpodacus rubicilla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Twite Linaria flavirostris | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons | Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella | Common Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea | Common Pochard Aythya ferina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Shelduck Tadorna tadorna | Gadwall Mareca strepera | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Gadwall Mareca strepera | Northern Pintail Anas acuta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Northern Pintail Anas acuta | Eurasian/Green-winged Teal Anas crecca | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian/Green-winged Teal Anas crecca | Eurasian Green Woodpecker Picus viridis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula | Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey Partridge Perdix perdix | Chukar Alectoris chukar | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Caucasian Snowcock Tetraogallus caucasicus | Caspian Snowcock Tetraogallus caspius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus | Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur | Rufous Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto | European Roller Coracias garrulus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus | Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Snipe Gallinago media | Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Redshank Tringa totanus | Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Redshank Tringa totanus | Ruff Calidris pugnax | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ruff Calidris pugnax | Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea | Sanderling Calidris alba | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii | Dunlin Calidris alpina | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus | Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus | Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus | Slender-billed Gull Chroicocephalus genei | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla | Slender-billed Gull Chroicocephalus genei | 1 | 1 | 0 |