Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green-backed Camaroptera Camaroptera brachyura | Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macroura | Buff-shouldered Widowbird Euplectes psammacromius | 3 | 0 | 3 |
| African Yellow-Warbler Iduna natalensis | Mountain Yellow-Warbler Iduna similis | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus | White-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris talatala | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | Collared Palm-Thrush Cichladusa arquata | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Yellow Bishop Euplectes capensis | Yellow-mantled Widowbird Euplectes macroura | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Black-and-white Mannikin Spermestes bicolor | Green-backed Twinspot Mandingoa nitidula | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Marsh Tchagra Bocagia minuta | Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Eurasian Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus | Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Orange Ground-Thrush Geokichla gurneyi | Abyssinian Thrush Turdus abyssinicus | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Blacksmith Lapwing Vanellus armatus | Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumenifer | African Darter Anhinga rufa | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Blue-billed Teal Spatula hottentota | Yellow-billed Duck Anas undulata | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Flappet Lark Amirafra rufocinnamomea | Eastern Nicator Nicator gularis | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Levaillant's Cuckoo Clamator levaillantii | Pied Cuckoo Clamator jacobinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Dideric Cuckoo Chrysococcyx caprius | Klaas's Cuckoo Chrysococcyx klaas | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus | Violet-backed Starling Cinnyricinclus leucogaster | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Fiery-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus pectoralis | Montane Nightjar Caprimulgus poliocephalus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Montane Nightjar Caprimulgus poliocephalus | Freckled Nightjar Caprimulgus tristigma | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mottled Spinetail Telacanthura ussheri | Mottled Swift Tachymarptis aequatorialis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mottled Spinetail Telacanthura ussheri | Brown Snake-Eagle Circaetus cinereus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mottled Spinetail Telacanthura ussheri | Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Black-backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red-chested Flufftail Sarothrura rufa | Streaky-breasted Flufftail Sarothrura boehmi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Striped Flufftail Sarothrura affinis | Hamerkop Scopus umbretta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Allen's Gallinule Porphyrio alleni | African Swamphen Porphyrio madagascariensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola | White-chested Alethe Chamaetylas fuelleborni | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bronze-winged Courser Rhinoptilus chalcopterus | Temminck's Courser Cursorius temminckii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Openbill Anastomus lamelligerus | Marabou Stork Leptoptilos crumenifer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Bittern Botaurus minutus | Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Little Bittern Botaurus minutus | White-backed Night Heron Calherodius leuconotus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-crowned Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax | White-backed Night Heron Calherodius leuconotus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Cattle-Egret Ardea ibis | Yellow-billed Egret Ardea brachyrhyncha | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Harrier-Hawk Polyboroides typus | European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Honey-buzzard Pernis apivorus | African Cuckoo-Hawk Aviceda cuculoides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-chested Snake-Eagle Circaetus pectoralis | Western Banded Snake-Eagle Circaetus cinerascens | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Martial Eagle Polemaetus bellicosus | Wahlberg's Eagle Hieraaetus wahlbergi | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Tawny Eagle Aquila rapax | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lizard Buzzard Kaupifalco monogrammicus | Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Gabar Goshawk Micronisus gabar | African Goshawk Aerospiza tachiro | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Marsh Harrier Circus ranivorus | Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Goshawk Aerospiza tachiro | Ovambo Sparrowhawk Accipiter ovampensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Shikra Tachyspiza badia | Little Sparrowhawk Tachyspiza minulla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | Mountain Buzzard Buteo oreophilus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Scops Owl Otus senegalensis | Spotted Eagle Owl Bubo africanus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Southern White-faced Owl Ptilopsis granti | Cape Eagle Owl Bubo capensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus | Red-faced Mousebird Urocolius indicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Speckled Mousebird Colius striatus | Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina | Bar-tailed Trogon Apaloderma vittatum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Narina Trogon Apaloderma narina | Green Woodhoopoe Phoeniculus purpureus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey-headed Kingfisher Halcyon leucocephala | Brown-hooded Kingfisher Halcyon albiventris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | Black-backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | Southern Cordonbleu Uraeginthus angolensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Roller Coracias garrulus | Racket-tailed Roller Coracias spatulatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Yellow-rumped Tinkerbird Pogoniulus bilineatus | Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird Pogoniulus chrysoconus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Green-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus zambesiae | Brown-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus regulus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Brown-backed Honeybird Prodotiscus regulus | Greater Honeyguide Indicator indicator | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Stierling's Woodpecker Dendropicos stierlingi | Speckle-throated Woodpecker Campethera scriptoricauda | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bennett's Woodpecker Campethera bennettii | Speckle-throated Woodpecker Campethera scriptoricauda | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni | Rock Kestrel Falco rupicolus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus | Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | Lanner Falcon Falco biarmicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-breasted Cuckooshrike Ceblepyris pectoralis | Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black Cuckooshrike Campephaga flava | Eurasian Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-throated Wattle-eye Platysteira peltata | Pale Batis Batis soror | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Chinspot Batis Batis molitor | Pale Batis Batis soror | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla | Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-backed Puffback Dryoscopus cubla | Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-crowned Tchagra Tchagra senegalus | Brown-crowned Tchagra Tchagra australis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Olive Bushshrike Chlorophoneus olivaceus | Four-coloured Bushshrike Telophorus viridis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Crested Flycatcher Trochocercus cyanomelas | African Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Paradise-Flycatcher Terpsiphone viridis | Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-tailed Blue Flycatcher Elminia albicauda | White-tailed Crested Flycatcher Elminia albonotata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-winged Black-Tit Melaniparus leucomelas | Southern Black-Tit Melaniparus niger | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Miombo Tit Melaniparus griseiventris | African Penduline Tit Anthoscopus caroli | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tawny-flanked Prinia Prinia subflava | Sharpe's Akalat Sheppardia sharpei | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock-loving Cisticola Cisticola aberrans | Tinkling Cisticola Cisticola rufilatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tinkling Cisticola Cisticola rufilatus | Miombo Rock Thrush Monticola angolensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wailing Cisticola Cisticola lais | Churring Cisticola Cisticola njombe | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis | Kurrichane Thrush Turdus libonyana | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| African Yellow-Warbler Iduna natalensis | Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum | Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Fan-tailed Grassbird Catriscus brevirostris | Little Rush Warbler Bradypterus baboecala | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Evergreen-forest Warbler Bradypterus lopezi | Cinnamon Bracken-Warbler Bradypterus cinnamomeus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-bellied Greenbul Chlorocichla flaviventris | Shelley's Greenbul Arizelocichla masukuensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Yellow-streaked Greenbul Phyllastrephus flavostriatus | Grey-olive Greenbul Phyllastrephus cerviniventris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Bulbul Pycnonotus barbatus | Southern Cordonbleu Uraeginthus angolensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Arrow-marked Babbler Turdoides jardineii | African Spotted Creeper Salpornis salvadori | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Lesser Blue-eared Starling Lamprotornis chloropterus | Greater Blue-eared Starling Lamprotornis chalybaeus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Groundscraper Thrush Turdus litsitsirupa | Abyssinian Thrush Turdus abyssinicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey Tit-Flycatcher Fraseria plumbea | Ashy Flycatcher Fraseria caerulescens | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cape Robin-Chat Dessonornis caffer | White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | Red-capped Robin-Chat Cossypha natalensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-browed Robin-Chat Cossypha heuglini | White-starred Robin Pogonocichla stellata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Collared Palm-Thrush Cichladusa arquata | White-starred Robin Pogonocichla stellata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Collared Palm-Thrush Cichladusa arquata | Thyolo Alethe Chamaetylas choloensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-starred Robin Pogonocichla stellata | Thyolo Alethe Chamaetylas choloensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Spot-throat Modulatrix stictigula | Western Violet-backed Sunbird Anthreptes longuemarei | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Miombo Sunbird Cinnyris gertrudis | Montane Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris ludovicensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Montane Double-collared Sunbird Cinnyris ludovicensis | Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Shelley's Sunbird Cinnyris shelleyi | White-bellied Sunbird Cinnyris talatala | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Purple-banded Sunbird Cinnyris bifasciatus | Variable Sunbird Cinnyris venustus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Green-winged Pytilia Pytilia melba | Orange-winged Pytilia Pytilia afra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| African Firefinch Lagonosticta rubricata | Jameson's Firefinch Lagonosticta rhodopareia | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Broad-tailed Paradise-Whydah Vidua obtusa | Village Indigobird Vidua chalybeata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara | Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mountain Wagtail Motacilla clara | African Pipit Anthus cinnamomeus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-fronted Canary Crithagra mozambica | Lemon-breasted Seedeater Crithagra citrinipectus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Shelley's Francolin Scleroptila shelleyi | Common Quail Coturnix coturnix | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Scaly Spurfowl Pternistis squamatus | Red-necked Spurfowl Pternistis afer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Swainson's Spurfowl Pternistis swainsonii | Red-necked Spurfowl Pternistis afer | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea | Rameron Pigeon Columba arquatrix | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Speckled Pigeon Columba guinea | Olive-headed Weaver Ploceus olivaceiceps | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rameron Pigeon Columba arquatrix | Dusky Turtle Dove Streptopelia lugens | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lemon Dove Aplopelia larvata | African Green-Pigeon Treron calvus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mourning Collared Dove Streptopelia decipiens | Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata | Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove Turtur chalcospilos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-eyed Dove Streptopelia semitorquata | Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ring-necked Dove Streptopelia capicola | Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove Turtur chalcospilos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Emerald-spotted Wood-Dove Turtur chalcospilos | Fork-tailed Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Livingstone's Turaco Tauraco livingstonii | Schalow's Turaco Tauraco schalowi | 1 | 0 | 1 |