Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus | Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava | Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata | Mallard Anas platyrhynchos | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Woodlark Lullula arborea | Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Black Tern Chlidonias niger | White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Black Kite Milvus migrans | Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Common Quail Coturnix coturnix | Rock Partridge Alectoris graeca | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Dove Columba livia | Stock Dove Columba oenas | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Pallid Swift Apus pallidus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta | Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula | Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica | Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa | Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Little Stint Calidris minuta | Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus | Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus | Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Gull Larus canus | Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | Herring Gull Larus argentatus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Herring Gull Larus argentatus | Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Tern Sterna hirundo | Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White Stork Ciconia ciconia | Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo | European Shag Gulosus aristotelis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos | White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | Red Kite Milvus milvus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Red Kite Milvus milvus | Black Kite Milvus migrans | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Buzzard Buteo buteo | Long-legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo | Ural Owl Strix uralensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tawny Owl Strix aluco | Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla | White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus | White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus | Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius | Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Middle Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocoptes medius | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos | Black Woodpecker Dryocopus martius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus | Eurasian Hobby Falco subbuteo | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Magpie Pica pica | Spotted Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alpine Chough Pyrrhocorax graculus | Rook Corvus frugilegus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Coal Tit Periparus ater | Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Woodlark Lullula arborea | Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | Crested Lark Galerida cristata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon | Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola | Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris | Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons | Tundra Bean Goose Anser serrirostris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sand Martin Riparia riparia | Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli | Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sardinian Warbler Curruca melanocephala | Eastern Subalpine Warbler Curruca cantillans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Subalpine Warbler Curruca cantillans | Common Whitethroat Curruca communis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria | Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris | Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus | Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia | Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus | Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius | European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whinchat Saxicola rubetra | European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris | Dunnock Prunella modularis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris | Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| House Sparrow Passer domesticus | Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea | Western Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes | Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Redpoll Acanthis flammea | Lesser Redpoll Acanthis cabaret | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | House Sparrow Passer domesticus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis | Tundra Bean Goose Anser serrirostris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope | Northern Pintail Anas acuta | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris | Greater Scaup Aythya marila | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula | Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus | Black Grouse Lyrurus tetrix | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus | Grey Partridge Perdix perdix | 1 | 0 | 1 |