Confused pairs
Incorrect answers between two species (undirected). With a country selected, only mix-ups from games in that country are counted, and only pairs where both species are on that country's checklist are shown.
| Species A (lower id) | Species B (higher id) | Total wrong | A was target → picked B | B was target → picked A |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina | Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca | Kurdish Wheatear Oenanthe xanthoprymna | 4 | 1 | 3 |
| Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | Herring Gull Larus argentatus | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Lesser Spotted Eagle Clanga pomarina | Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Steppe Eagle Aquila nipalensis | Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Booted Warbler Iduna caligata | Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Semicollared Flycatcher Ficedula semitorquata | European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca | Finsch's Wheatear Oenanthe finschii | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| Greylag Goose Anser anser | Mute Swan Cygnus olor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Goosander Mergus merganser | Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| See-see Partridge Ammoperdix griseogularis | Chukar Alectoris chukar | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rock Dove Columba livia | Common Raven Corvus corax | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Woodpigeon Columba palumbus | Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pin-tailed Sandgrouse Pterocles alchata | Spotted Sandgrouse Pterocles senegallus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola | European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula | Little Ringed Plover Thinornis dubius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Spur-winged Lapwing Vanellus spinosus | Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius | White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus leucurus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tibetan Sand Plover Anarhynchus atrifrons | Greater Sand Plover Anarhynchus leschenaultii | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa | Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos | Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularius | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Redshank Tringa totanus | Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | Mediterranean Gull Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans | Armenian Gull Larus armenicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Gull Larus canus | Herring Gull Larus argentatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pallas's Gull Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybrida | European Bee-eater Merops apiaster | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan | White Stork Ciconia ciconia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus | European Shag Gulosus aristotelis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Striated Heron Butorides striata | Western Cattle-Egret Ardea ibis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Western Cattle-Egret Ardea ibis | Grey Heron Ardea cinerea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus | Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus | Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Scops Owl Otus scops | Pallid Scops Owl Otus brucei | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Eagle Owl Bubo bubo | Brown Fish-Owl Ketupa zeylonensis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Tawny Owl Strix aluco | Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Hoopoe Upupa epops | Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Syrian Woodpecker Dendrocopos syriacus | Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates minor | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor | Masked Shrike Lanius nubicus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio | Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor | Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Jay Garrulus glandarius | Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula | Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rook Corvus frugilegus | Coal Tit Periparus ater | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Brown-necked Raven Corvus ruficollis | Common Raven Corvus corax | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Coal Tit Periparus ater | European Greenfinch Chloris chloris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Great Tit Parus major | Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata | Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra | Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Mediterranean Short-toed Lark Alaudala rufescens | Turkestan Short-toed Lark Alaudala heinei | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis | Delicate Prinia Prinia lepida | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Iduna pallida | Olive-tree Warbler Hippolais olivetorum | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola | Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus | Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica | Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Swift Apus apus | Western House Martin Delichon urbicum | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| White-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus leucotis | White-spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| White-spectacled Bulbul Pycnonotus xanthopygos | Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus | Hume's Warbler Phylloscopus humei | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis | Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Mountain Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sindianus | Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis | Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Garden Warbler Sylvia borin | Eastern Orphean Warbler Curruca crassirostris | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Jackdaw Coloeus monedula | Rüppell's Warbler Curruca ruppeli | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rüppell's Warbler Curruca ruppeli | Eastern Subalpine Warbler Curruca cantillans | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rüppell's Warbler Curruca ruppeli | Cyprus Warbler Curruca melanothorax | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Sardinian Warbler Curruca melanocephala | Common Whitethroat Curruca communis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eastern Subalpine Warbler Curruca cantillans | Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Menetries's Warbler Curruca mystacea | Spectacled Warbler Curruca conspicillata | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Treecreeper Certhia familiaris | Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Song Thrush Turdus philomelos | Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus | Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca | Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus | Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | Common Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros | Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola | Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maurus | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe melanoleuca | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti | Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca | Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cyprus Wheatear Oenanthe cypriaca | Finsch's Wheatear Oenanthe finschii | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka | Kurdish Wheatear Oenanthe xanthoprymna | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Alpine Swift Tachymarptis melba | Finsch's Wheatear Oenanthe finschii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka | Finsch's Wheatear Oenanthe finschii | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Radde's Accentor Prunella ocularis | Black-throated Accentor Prunella atrogularis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Dead Sea Sparrow Passer moabiticus | Yellow-throated Sparrow Gymnoris xanthocollis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia | White-winged Snowfinch Montifringilla nivalis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis | Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs | Brambling Fringilla montifringilla | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Common Magpie Pica pica | Brambling Fringilla montifringilla | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Crimson-winged Finch Rhodopechys sanguineus | Mongolian Finch Bucanetes mongolicus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Eurasian Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris | Common Linnet Linaria cannabina | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis | Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| European Serin Serinus serinus | Red-fronted Serin Serinus pusillus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala | Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Rock Bunting Emberiza cia | Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Rock Bunting Emberiza cia | Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula | Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus | Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Grey-necked Bunting Emberiza buchanani | Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Cinereous Bunting Emberiza cineracea | Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia | 1 | 0 | 1 |