Black Tern vs Common Tern

In short

The Black Tern and Common Tern can be differentiated by their plumage and habitat preferences. Black Terns have a distinctive dark body and lighter wings, while Common Terns exhibit a more uniform gray and white coloration. Black Terns are often found in freshwater wetlands, whereas Common Terns prefer coastal and marine environments.

Identification tips

1. Look for the Black Tern's dark body and lighter wings during the breeding season. 2. Note the habitat: Black Terns are in freshwater wetlands, Common Terns in coastal areas. 3. Listen for the Common Tern's sharp 'kee-arr' call compared to the softer calls of the Black Tern. 4. Observe the flight pattern: Black Terns have a more erratic, swallow-like flight, while Common Terns have a direct flight and often dive for fish.

Size

Both species are similar in size, but the Common Tern is slightly larger with a longer wingspan.

Plumage

Black Terns in breeding plumage have a black head and body with gray wings, while Common Terns have a white body, gray wings, and a black cap. In non-breeding plumage, Black Terns become much paler but retain darker underparts compared to the Common Tern.

Behaviour

Black Terns often forage in flocks over freshwater habitats, showing a more erratic, swallow-like flight. Common Terns are more solitary in their foraging and exhibit a more direct flight pattern, often diving for fish.

Habitat

Black Terns are typically found in freshwater wetlands during the breeding season, while Common Terns prefer coastal areas and are often seen along beaches and marine environments.

Voice

Common Terns have a distinctive 'kee-arr' call, while Black Terns have a softer, more subdued call. The vocalizations are different enough to aid in identification if heard.