Black Tern vs Sandwich Tern

In short

The Black Tern and Sandwich Tern can be differentiated by their plumage and nesting habits. Black Terns have a more swallow-like appearance and behavior, while Sandwich Terns are larger and often found in mixed-species colonies.

Identification tips

1. Look for the darker, swallow-like plumage of the Black Tern compared to the lighter Sandwich Tern. 2. Note the nesting habitat: freshwater for Black Terns and coastal colonies for Sandwich Terns. 3. Observe the bill: Sandwich Terns have a black bill with a yellow tip.

Size

Sandwich Terns are generally larger than Black Terns.

Plumage

Black Terns have a darker, more swallow-like plumage, whereas Sandwich Terns have a lighter appearance with a distinctive black cap and a yellow-tipped black bill.

Behaviour

Black Terns exhibit a light, buoyant flight reminiscent of a swallow or flycatcher, often seen darting and zigzagging in the air. Sandwich Terns are more likely to be found in dense nesting colonies with other species.

Habitat

Black Terns nest in freshwater habitats, while Sandwich Terns nest in coastal areas, often in mixed-species colonies.