Broad-winged Hawk vs Swainson's Hawk

In short

Broad-winged Hawk and Swainson's Hawk can be challenging to differentiate, especially in flight. The most reliable field mark is the tail pattern: Broad-winged Hawks have a broad white band across the tail, while Swainson's Hawks have a more uniform tail. Pay attention to their habitats and migration patterns as well.

Identification tips

• Tail pattern: Look for the broad white band on the Broad-winged Hawk's tail.
• Wing shape: Swainson's Hawks have longer, narrower wings compared to the Broad-winged Hawk's shorter, broader wings.
• Plumage variation: Swainson's Hawks can have a dark bib, especially in light morphs.
• Habitat: Consider the surrounding environment; forests for Broad-winged, open areas for Swainson's.
• Migration timing: Broad-winged Hawks migrate earlier in the fall compared to Swainson's Hawks.

Size

Both species are medium-sized hawks, but Swainson's Hawk is generally larger and more slender than the Broad-winged Hawk.

Plumage

Broad-winged Hawks have a distinctive broad white band on their tails and a more compact appearance with shorter wings. Swainson's Hawks show more variation in plumage, often with a dark bib on the chest and longer, narrower wings.

Behaviour

Both species soar on thermals, but Swainson's Hawks are more likely to be seen in open areas hunting for insects, while Broad-winged Hawks are more forest-associated.

Habitat

Broad-winged Hawks prefer deciduous forests and are often seen during migration. Swainson's Hawks favor open country, grasslands, and agricultural areas.

Voice

Broad-winged Hawks have a high-pitched, two-note whistle, while Swainson's Hawks have a more varied call, including a high-pitched squeal.