Caspian Tern vs Arctic Tern

In short

Caspian Terns and Arctic Terns can be distinguished by size and bill color. Caspian Terns are much larger with a robust, bright red bill, while Arctic Terns are smaller with a more delicate, red bill. Both species are graceful in flight, but their habitats and behaviors can help in identification.

Identification tips

• Size: Caspian Terns are larger.
• Bill: Caspian Terns have a thick, bright red bill; Arctic Terns have a slimmer red bill.
• Flight: Caspian Terns have slow, powerful wing beats; Arctic Terns exhibit agile, buoyant flight.
• Habitat: Consider the location and time of year; Arctic Terns are migratory and may be seen in different regions seasonally.

Size

Caspian Terns are the largest terns, significantly larger than Arctic Terns, which are medium-sized.

Plumage

Caspian Terns have a black cap and a white body with grayish wings, while Arctic Terns have a similar black cap but are more uniformly pale gray with a white body.

Behaviour

Caspian Terns often soar and wheel dramatically, resembling gulls, and are known for their strong, swift flight. Arctic Terns are known for their long migrations and agile, buoyant flight.

Habitat

Caspian Terns are found along coastlines and inland waters, often nesting on flat, rocky islands or sandy shores. Arctic Terns breed in the Arctic and sub-Arctic regions and migrate to the Antarctic for winter.

Voice

Caspian Terns have a loud, raucous call, while Arctic Terns have a higher-pitched, more delicate call.