Common Tern vs Sandwich Tern

In short

The Common Tern and Sandwich Tern can be differentiated primarily by their bill color and head markings. The Common Tern has a black cap and a red bill with a black tip, while the Sandwich Tern features a black bill with a yellow tip and a shaggy black crest.

Identification tips

1. Bill Color: Common Tern has a red bill with a black tip; Sandwich Tern has a black bill with a yellow tip. 2. Head Markings: Common Tern has a clean black cap; Sandwich Tern has a shaggy black crest. 3. Size and Shape: Sandwich Tern is slightly larger and more robust. 4. Vocalizations: Listen for the sharp 'kee-arr' of the Common Tern versus the softer 'kirrick' of the Sandwich Tern. 5. Nesting Habits: Sandwich Terns often nest in dense colonies with other seabirds.

Size

The Sandwich Tern is slightly larger and more robust than the Common Tern.

Plumage

The Common Tern has a clean black cap and a red bill with a black tip. In contrast, the Sandwich Tern sports a shaggy black crest and a black bill with a yellow tip. Both species have pale grey upperparts and white underparts.

Behaviour

Both species exhibit similar foraging behaviors, often seen diving for fish. However, Sandwich Terns are more likely to be found nesting in dense colonies with other tern species.

Habitat

Common Terns are more widespread and adaptable, found in a variety of coastal and inland water habitats. Sandwich Terns prefer coastal areas and are often found nesting in colonies with other seabirds.

Voice

The Common Tern has a sharp, distinctive 'kee-arr' call, whereas the Sandwich Tern's call is a softer, more drawn-out 'kirrick'.