Red-footed Falcon vs Merlin

In short

The Red-footed Falcon and Merlin are both small falcons, but they differ in plumage and behavior. The Red-footed Falcon is more uniformly colored with distinctive red legs, while the Merlin has a more varied plumage with noticeable sexual dimorphism. Both species are agile hunters, but they occupy different habitats and have distinct vocalizations.

Identification tips

• Look for red legs and cere in the Red-footed Falcon.
• Note the uniform slate-gray of male Red-footed Falcons versus the blue-gray or brown streaked plumage of Merlins.
• Observe behavior: Red-footed Falcons often hunt in groups, while Merlins are more solitary.
• Listen for vocalizations: Red-footed Falcons have softer calls compared to the rapid, high-pitched calls of Merlins.
• Consider habitat: Red-footed Falcons are more likely in open areas near water, while Merlins can be found in a wider range of habitats.

Size

Both species are small falcons, but the Merlin is slightly more robust and compact compared to the more slender Red-footed Falcon.

Plumage

The Red-footed Falcon has a uniform slate-gray plumage in males and a more brownish color in females, with distinctive red legs and cere. The Merlin shows more variation; males are blue-gray with a pale underside and females are brown with streaking, lacking the red features of the Red-footed Falcon.

Behaviour

Both species are agile hunters, but the Red-footed Falcon often hunts in groups and is known for catching insects in flight, whereas the Merlin is more solitary and preys on small birds.

Habitat

The Red-footed Falcon prefers open habitats such as grasslands and agricultural areas, often near water. The Merlin is more versatile, found in open woodlands, grasslands, and urban areas.

Voice

The Red-footed Falcon has a soft, repetitive call, while the Merlin's call is more rapid and high-pitched. These differences can be useful in distinguishing them by sound.