Smith's Longspur vs Thick-billed Longspur

In short

Smith's Longspur and Thick-billed Longspur can be distinguished by their distinct plumage and habitat preferences. Smith's Longspur has a more promiscuous mating system, while Thick-billed Longspur is known for its striking aerial displays. Both species inhabit open plains but differ slightly in their preferred environments.

Identification tips

1. Look for the black crown and chestnut nape in breeding Smith's Longspur males. 2. Observe the aerial display of Thick-billed Longspur males with their distinctive tail pattern. 3. Consider habitat: Smith's Longspur in tundra-like areas, Thick-billed Longspur in shortgrass prairies. 4. Listen for the tinkling song of Thick-billed Longspur during displays.

Size

Both species are similar in size, typical of longspurs, with no significant differences in structure.

Plumage

Smith's Longspur males in breeding plumage have a distinctive black crown and chestnut nape, while Thick-billed Longspur males feature a bold black-and-white 'T'-pattern on the tail and a more muted overall coloration. Females and non-breeding males of both species can be more challenging to differentiate.

Behaviour

Smith's Longspur exhibits a unique promiscuous mating system with multiple males often assisting in feeding the young. In contrast, Thick-billed Longspur males perform a notable aerial display, fluttering upwards and descending with a fanned tail.

Habitat

Smith's Longspur prefers tundra and open grassy areas, particularly during breeding. Thick-billed Longspur is more associated with shortgrass prairies and overgrazed pastures.

Voice

Thick-billed Longspur is known for its tinkling, warbling song during its aerial display. Smith's Longspur's vocalizations are less documented but are generally softer and less conspicuous.