Swainson's Hawk vs Zone-tailed Hawk

In short

Swainson's Hawk and Zone-tailed Hawk can be differentiated by their plumage and behavior. Swainson's Hawk exhibits both light and dark morphs, while the Zone-tailed Hawk is consistently dark and often mimics Turkey Vultures in flight. Their habitats overlap in some regions, but Swainson's Hawk is more common in open country.

Identification tips

1. Look for the white tail band on Zone-tailed Hawk, absent in Swainson's Hawk. 2. Observe flight behavior: Zone-tailed Hawk mimics Turkey Vultures with a dihedral wing posture. 3. Note plumage morphs: Swainson's Hawk has variable morphs, while Zone-tailed is consistently dark. 4. Consider habitat: Swainson's Hawk is more likely in open fields, while Zone-tailed prefers wooded or montane areas.

Size

Both species are medium-sized Buteos, but Swainson's Hawk is generally more robust with broader wings.

Plumage

Swainson's Hawk has both light and dark morphs; light morphs have a pale underside with a dark chest band, while dark morphs are uniformly dark. Zone-tailed Hawk is consistently dark with a distinctive white band on the tail, resembling a Turkey Vulture.

Behaviour

Zone-tailed Hawk often soars with wings held in a slight dihedral, mimicking Turkey Vultures, which is a key behavioral trait. Swainson's Hawk does not exhibit this mimicry and tends to soar with wings flat.

Habitat

Swainson's Hawk prefers open plains and agricultural fields, while Zone-tailed Hawk is found in diverse habitats including riparian woodlands and montane highlands. Their ranges overlap in the southwestern U.S., but Swainson's is more widespread in open areas.

Voice

Vocalizations are not a primary distinguishing feature in the field; both species are relatively silent.