White-tailed Hawk vs Swainson's Hawk

In short

The White-tailed Hawk and Swainson's Hawk can be distinguished by their tail patterns and wing shapes in flight. The White-tailed Hawk has a unique white tail with a black subterminal band, while Swainson's Hawk lacks this feature. Both species are similar in size and structure, but their habitats and behaviors offer additional clues.

Identification tips

1. Look for the white tail with a black subterminal band in the White-tailed Hawk. 2. Note the absence of this tail pattern in Swainson's Hawk. 3. Observe the rufous shoulder patches on the White-tailed Hawk. 4. Consider habitat: White-tailed Hawks are more likely in arid regions, while Swainson's Hawks are found in a broader range of open habitats.

Size

Both species are medium-sized hawks with similar body structures, making size a less reliable differentiator.

Plumage

The White-tailed Hawk features a white tail with a distinctive black subterminal band, which is absent in Swainson's Hawk. Swainson's Hawk has a more varied plumage with light and dark morphs, but lacks the White-tailed Hawk's rufous shoulder patches.

Behaviour

White-tailed Hawks are relatively shy and often found soaring or hovering in open areas. Swainson's Hawks are also seen soaring but are more adaptable to various open habitats.

Habitat

White-tailed Hawks prefer open to sparsely wooded, arid regions, while Swainson's Hawks are more widespread in open habitats across North America, often seen in grasslands and agricultural areas.

Voice

Vocalizations are not a primary distinguishing feature between these two species.