Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker vs Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker

In short

The Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker and the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker can be differentiated primarily by size and toe count. The Eurasian Three-toed is larger and has three toes, while the Japanese Pygmy is smaller with four toes. Both species have barred backs, but their vocalizations and habitats differ.

Identification tips

• Toe count: Eurasian Three-toed has three toes, Japanese Pygmy has four.
• Size: Eurasian Three-toed is noticeably larger.
• Plumage: Look for the more contrasting black and white pattern on the Eurasian Three-toed.
• Habitat: Note the type of forest; coniferous suggests Eurasian Three-toed, mixed or deciduous suggests Japanese Pygmy.
• Vocalization: Listen for the mechanical calls of the Eurasian Three-toed versus the varied calls of the Japanese Pygmy.

Size

The Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker is larger than the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker.

Plumage

Both species have barred backs, but the Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker typically has a more contrasting black and white pattern, while the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker's plumage is more subdued and brownish.

Behaviour

The Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker often forages on dead or dying trees, while the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker is more likely to be seen in active motion, flitting around branches.

Habitat

The Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker is found in boreal and montane forests, often in coniferous areas, whereas the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker inhabits a wider range of wooded environments, including mixed and deciduous forests.

Voice

The Eurasian Three-toed Woodpecker's calls are less varied and more mechanical, while the Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker has a more varied and high-pitched call.