Ruff vs Purple Sandpiper

In short

The Ruff and Purple Sandpiper can be distinguished by their plumage and behavior. Ruffs have more variable plumage, especially in breeding males, while Purple Sandpipers show a slate to charcoal color with a faint purple sheen in winter. Behaviorally, Purple Sandpipers are more likely to be found in rocky coastal areas and are approachable in winter.

Identification tips

• Plumage: Look for the variable and elaborate plumage of Ruffs, especially in breeding males, versus the consistent slate to charcoal color of Purple Sandpipers in winter.
• Behavior: Note the approachable nature of Purple Sandpipers in winter and their tendency to stay close to the ground when flushed.
• Habitat: Check for rocky coastal areas, which are more typical for Purple Sandpipers.

Plumage

Ruffs exhibit highly variable plumage, particularly in breeding males, which can have elaborate ruffs and tufts. In contrast, Purple Sandpipers have slate to charcoal upperparts with a faint purple sheen in winter, and more colorful chestnut and buff highlights in summer.

Behaviour

Purple Sandpipers are quite approachable in winter and tend to fly only a short distance when flushed. They perform aerial courtship displays and a Rodent Run display on breeding grounds. Ruffs do not exhibit these specific behaviors.

Habitat

Purple Sandpipers are typically found in rocky coastal areas, especially in winter. Ruffs are not specifically associated with this habitat type.